I suppose that bearing in mind we have little idea of what abuse our wheels have suffered over the last forty or fifty years we ought to have them xrayed at least once during our ownership. Here is one of the many facilities that carries out such work.
https://www.supremewheels.co.uk/how-we-do-it
From my personal experience I do know that cracks or crystallisation breakdown of the metal is not always visible with the naked eye although the outcome of my episode was nowhere near as serious as yours as it was limited to a single stud hole.